Did you go to your priest scroll and assign a spell to a slot? The hotkey should be 'P'. Then click on a spell, and once it appears in a box below the list of spells, rest.
I'm asking this because in all your screenshots (and I'm assuming that every screenshot should have been taken after a sleep period) the time is always the same:
at different times this icon shows the daytime period, switching from day and night with a clockwork-style rotation of a sun and a moon icons.
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I'm asking this because in all your screenshots (and I'm assuming that every screenshot should have been taken after a sleep period) the time is always the same: